
A worker can’t be blindsided with news they’re about to be fired. But if warned, and they still fall short, there’s a case for cause
When the heavily favoured Toronto Maples Leafs once again failed to make it past the first round of this year’s playoffs, fans’ grief turned quickly to anger. Much of it was directed at the team’s highly paid superstars who have developed a reputation for lacklustre playoff performances.
Toronto fans and the general manager alike now have the opportunity to spend the summer wondering: What do you do when you have some of the highest-paid players in the league and they have yet to make it past the first round, five years in a row? What do you do with an elite winger paid $11 million a year but, come the playoffs, is as likely to shoot the puck over the glass as into the net?
The answer: not easily.
Frequent readers of this column already know that an employer dismissing an employee for cause must proceed cautiously. Although the “cause” usually is conduct-related, the same stringent test applies to performance. It is actually even more difficult.
One employee cannot be made the scapegoat for a failing business model, the effects of a recession or general dissatisfaction within the workplace culture. Before they can be dismissed for performance-related reasons, there must be clear evidence that the employee consistently failed to meet reasonable standards. Indeed, some courts have held that to be dismissed for cause, incompetence must have some element of wilful misconduct.
An employee cannot be blindsided by the revelation that they are about to lose their job. They must be warned what is at stake, why they are deficient and provided a chance to fix their behaviour and offered training as required.
If an employer remained quiet for month or years as productivity slowly dipped, they have effectively condoned that standard. This does not mean that employers need be stuck with the status quo. They can still hold employees accountable — they just need to give them fair warning first and explain that the standards of yore, or their acceptance of it, will no longer apply.
Sometimes, this is not enough. An employer may not be satisfied with simply ridding themselves of an unproductive worker. What if the employee was not only lazy but negligent, and their negligence cost the company thousands of dollars in ruined equipment or lost business? Can the employer sue the employee to recover the damages?
In one of the landmark cases from the Ontario Court of Appeal, a teenaged employee took it upon himself to refuel a lawn mower at his place of work. With good intentions but lack of foresight, he lit a match and held it up to the mouth of a gas can so he could see how much fuel was inside.
The court concluded that even though the employee was negligent, he should not be held personally responsible for the unintended damages caused by his lapse in judgement.
The court reasoned that for public policy considerations, it would not be fair to hold employees to such a standard. The average employee does not accept a job with the understanding that if they make a mistake, they could end up on the hook for hundreds of thousands of dollars in damages. Employers are in a much better position to obtain insurance coverage, absorb the damage as a business, or make liability a specific term of the working relationship.
Disgruntled employees who have just lost a job are often tempted to threaten their former employer with a lawsuit. Before taking this step, a little introspection is in order. Is the would-be litigant confident that her employment history will stand up to scrutiny?
Although employees enjoy many legal protections, employers are far from powerless when it comes to dismissing chronically underperforming employees or an employee who has actively damaged the company.
The Toronto Maple Leafs may be stuck with the contracts signed for years to come, to the chagrin of their fans. Thankfully, the average employer has far more flexibility when it comes to ridding themselves of disappointing talent.
Got a question about employment law during COVID-19? Write to Howard at levitt@levittllp.com.
Howard Levitt is senior partner of LSCS Law, employment and labour lawyers with offices in Toronto and Hamilton. He practices employment law in eight provinces. He is the author of six books including the Law of Dismissal in Canada. Michael VanderMeer is an associate at LSCS Law.